Earwax, or cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It’s primarily
composed of dead skin cells, hair, and the secretions from ceruminous and sebaceous
glands. While earwax typically appears in small amounts, it can sometimes accumulate and
form larger, harder pieces.

Large chunks of earwax can occur due to a variety of reasons. One common cause is the
use of cotton swabs or other objects to clean the ears, which can push the wax deeper into
the ear canal rather than removing it. Over time, this pushed-back wax can compact and
harden, leading to the formation of larger pieces.
Another factor contributing to larger chunks of earwax is the natural variation in earwax
production. Some individuals naturally produce more earwax, which can accumulate if not
naturally expelled. Additionally, certain conditions, such as narrow or abnormally shaped ear
canals, can prevent earwax from exiting the ear properly, leading to buildup.

When earwax forms in large pieces, it can cause discomfort, hearing loss, itching, or a
sensation of fullness in the ear. In severe cases, it can also lead to ear infections. It’s
important not to try to remove large chunks of earwax on your own, as improper removal
methods can damage the ear canal or eardrum. Instead, it’s recommended to see a
healthcare professional who can safely remove the wax.